[LeetCode] 84. Largest Rectangle in Histogram

Given n non-negative integers representing the histogram's bar height where the width of each bar is 1, find the area of largest rectangle in the histogram.
Above is a histogram where width of each bar is 1, given height = [2,1,5,6,2,3].
The largest rectangle is shown in the shaded area, which has area = 10 unit.
For example,
Given heights = [2,1,5,6,2,3],
return 10.

Thought process:
The idea is to iterate through the array, and use a stack which contains only numbers in ascending order. As I iterate through the array, I compare height[i] with the top number on the stack:
  1. If height[i] <= height[top of stack], pop off top of the stack until height[i] > height[top of the stack]. For every number popped off, the largest rectangle with height == height[number] is height[number] * (i - 1 - stack.peek()).
  2. Else, push i onto stack.
Add a -1 to the end of height, so that all numbers are guaranteed to be popped off the stack.

Solution:
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public class Solution {
    public int largestRectangleArea(int[] heights) {
        Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();
        int largest = 0;
        
        for (int i = 0; i <= heights.length; i++) {
            int current = i == heights.length ? -1 : heights[i];
            
            while (!stack.isEmpty() && current <= heights[stack.peek()]) {
                int height = heights[stack.pop()];
                int width = stack.isEmpty() ? i : i - 1 - stack.peek();
                largest = Math.max(largest, height * width);
            }
            stack.push(i);
        }
        
        return largest;
    }
}

Time complexity:
All numbers in heights will be visited twice no matter what heights looks like. O(n).
Location: San Jose, CA, USA

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